Nama : Ribala Erniwati
Gulo
Nativity of the
Theotokos
Commemorated September 8
The
establishment of four major feast days to honour the Blessed Virgin Mary took
place in the days of the apostolic era and have a significance in the Greek
Orthodox Church which has remained unaltered through nearly twenty centuries of
Christianity. The mother’ of the Son of God is honoured on March 25, the day of
Annunciation when the Archangel Gabriel told Mary she was to become the mother
of Jesus Christ; the Repose of the blessed Virgin Mary on August 15; on
November 21, the Entrance of the Blessed Theotokos to the Temple; and on
February 2 when the Mother of God brought the infant Jesus to the temple for
presentation forty days after His birth.
A
fifth day of commemoration is celebrated on September 8, honouring the Virgin
Mary on the day of her birth. This day was set aside by the Orthodox Church in
the early first century, but not observed until the eighth century when Pope
Sergios saw fit to join with the Orthodox during his reign which extended from
A.D. 687 to 701. All of Christendom agreed on the date that the Virgin Mary was
born, but for some reason the date was not an official feast day in the Roman
sector for more than a third of the length of existence of the Christian
Church. The lack of communication between East and West ended in the Schism of
1054, a break which now appears to be an ever-narrowing gap, hopefully to be
closed in a reunion upon which the Mother of God is sure to smile.
The
familiar story of Mary’s birth has had variations in splinter groups of
Christianity, but there is no doubt that her birth came about as an act of God.
Her parents, Joachim and Anna, were childless and were fast approaching the
years which would place Anna beyond the age of childbearing. Perhaps it was
because of the intensity of their prayers that a child be born to them that
their prayers were not only answered, but their child would, in turn, bear a
child ordained by God as his Son. No one who calls himself a Christian can
accept the virgin birth as anything but an act of God.
Although
Mary is known as the mother of God, she has been accorded numerous titles in
the Orthodox Church of which few are aware. They include, in addition to Mary,
Mother of God: The Repose (Koimesis) of the Blessed Virgin, Mary Pantanissa,
Mary of Tinos, Mary of Malcheon, and Mary Vlacherne (just to mention a few of
the many honours applied to her name). Considered the Mother of Mothers and the
Mother of all Mankind, she is venerated in a manner which helps to sanctify the
role of motherhood and the preservation of the family as the only hope for
civilisation. In an age of equal rights, the God-given right to motherhood,
which is the mainstay of Christianity, is lost in a cloud of other ‘rights’ that
have no meaning in the presence of God. Those who clamour for those ‘rights’
are not aware that there is no inferiority in women, proof of which is an
approach to God and a reading of the Bible as a stronger document than any
constitution. It is regrettable that the immaculate conception, not to be
confused with the virginal birth of the Saviour, is a concept of the Mother of
God which the Roman Church assumed in 1854 and with which the Orthodox Church
is in total disagreement. This concept holds that Mary was born without the
stain of original sin brought upon all mankind by Adam and Eve. But the
Orthodox position holds that since Jesus Christ is God, he is, therefore the
only one who is without the original stain. The point could be argued endlessly;
but in spite of dogmatic differences, there is no lessening in the adoration of
Mary as the Mother of God. There can be no doubt that she was made pure on the
day of the Annunciation when told by Gabriel she was going to be the Virgin
Mother of the Messiah. The Orthodox position stems from the concept that if the
immaculate conception is taken literally, then Mary would assume the stature of
goddess alongside God. The popularity of the name of Mary attests to the
glorification of the Virgin Mary. The Greek Orthodox can feel exultation from
calling out the name “Panagia” which means ‘All-Holy’ and is the
Greek word for the most sacred figure in Christianity, aside from the Son she
mothered.
Feast of the elevation
of the
Precious and Life-giving Cross
Commemorated September 14
As
important as any of the feast days commemorating the exalted saints of the
Church is the feast day held annually on September 14 in special tribute to the
cross of Jesus Christ, the reproduction of which is worn or displayed in every
corner of the earth as a symbol of the mightiest faith in all the universe.
The
two timbers on which the Messiah died to save the world, priceless beyond
measure, form the most familiar and beloved symbol in a world full of symbols
and emblems. For nearly three hundred years after his death the Cross was
buried in obscurity, eventually to be salvaged through the efforts of a devout
Byzantine emperor and his mother.
The
Emperor Constantine the Great was not only the first Christian emperor, but,
together with his mother, has been honoured with sainthood. His mother is
honoured for her determined efforts in the cause of Christianity. It was
Constantine who beheld a vision in the sky in which were emblazoned the
words ‘en touto Nika’, translating into “In this Sign
Conquer,” etched across a brilliant cross of Jesus Christ.
Ordering
that all the shields of his army bear the sign of the Cross, Constantine went
on to subdue the enemies of the state and to establish the Christian faith,
which has outlived his empire and will endure forever. Helen, the mother of
Constantine and a saint of the Church, had the full support of her son when she
decided to recover the cross of Christ, and although nearly three hundred years
had elapsed since the Crucifixion, she was optimistic in her resolve to find
the Cross and return it to the city of Constantinople.
After
months of diligent search, painstakingly following every historic clue as to
its whereabouts, Helen and her dedicated group of searchers discovered the
Cross on 14 September 325 AD in the vicinity of Golgotha, where it had been
buried in the dust of the centuries. On the spot where the Cross was discovered
there was found to grow a hitherto unknown flower of rare beauty and fragrance
which has been named Vasiliko (Basil), meaning the
flower of royalty, out of respect to the Dowager Queen who led the expedition.
This
flower, since that memorable day over 1600 years ago, has been the official
flower of the Orthodox Christian Church and is in evidence when Clergymen engage
in the age-old tradition of blessing homes or the waters on which seamen ply
their trade.
Helen
afterwards made countless pilgrimages to the Holy Land and was responsible for
the establishment of churches at the sites of the Nativity, Holy Sepulchre,
Ascension, and at many other places. For the next three hundred years the Cross
stayed in the possession of the Christians in Jerusalem, but after a series of
forays the city of Jerusalem was captured by the Persians in 614 AD and the
Cross fell into the hands of an enemy that for years prior and since has
scoffed at the faith of Jesus Christ.
Several
attempts were made by devout and bold Christians to recover the precious Cross,
but they were no match for the Persian hordes. Finally, the Byzantine Emperor
Heraklios, in the tradition of his ancestor Constantine, amassed an army of
size and equipment to match that of the Persians, and after months of planning,
launched an attack on the Holy City – but with no immediate success.
What
the Persians lacked in faith they made up for in numbers of trained warriors
who respected nothing but the sword, and because of this relentless defence the
tide of battle wavered over an agonising fifteen years until at last the
Christian forces broke through the Persian defences and regained control of the
Holy City and its priceless treasure. The successful outcome of the campaign is
celebrated jointly with the finding of the Cross by St. Helen on September 14,
and the veneration of the Precious and Life-giving Cross is again celebrated by
Christians on the Third Sunday of Lent.
With
the sign of the Cross so much in evidence in the daily life of a Christian, the
celebration seems to extend over every minute of every day of every year, but
the official days underscore the magnitude of the Cross in the Christian
concept. With the perilous conditions prevalent in a land where the fortunes of
a menaced society were subject to sudden change and mood, depending on who held
the upper hand, the Fathers of the Church decided to divide the Cross into
small sections, thereafter to repose in the safety of the great spiritual
centres of Constantinople, Mt. Athos, Alexandria, Rome, and Antioch.
Presentation of the
Virgin Mary
Commemorated November 21
It
stands to reason that Almighty God’s selection of the Virgin Mary to be the
Mother of God was not a random selection. In his wisdom, God selected not from
the nobility but from the humble, thoroughly devout, daughter of equally devout
parents whose names were Joachim and Anna. Tradition has it that Anna,
childless for many years, reached a point in her life when just short of
despair she prayed in earnest that God grant her a child with a promise that
should her wish be fulfilled she would pledge the child to his holy Temple. It
did not matter to Anna that the child granted her by God was a girl and,
faithful to her word, she presented her daughter, given the name of Mary, to
the holy Temple at the age of three, on the 21st of November. She remained in
the house of God for twelve years, emerging at the age of fifteen with a purity
and wholesomeness found in no other creature of God. By the time she had been
released to her parents, the saintly Mary was not only a flawless maiden but in
her twelve years had acquired the lore and religion of the deepest scholars,
something usually denied a female child of those days. So much has been written
of the Lord’s mother that the concern here is for a glimpse into her life as a
human being. The Virgin Mary is looked upon by Orthodoxy as
“Panagia,” which translates into the all-encompassing saint. Greek
Orthodox Christians need but one name and that name is “Panagia,”
carrying the full impact on the Christian faith as no other name can regardless
of the language. The beginnings of Christianity were not the scattered remnants
that somehow merged into a smattering, of ideologies. By divine intent the
great religion of Christ stemmed from a tight circle which spread itself out as
the greatest of human experiences.
To
begin with, the high priest entrusted with the care of Mary was Zacharias, who
in turn was the father of St. John the Baptist, referred to as the
prefiguration of the Messiah and the man who was to baptise Jesus Christ. Yet
in her teens the Virgin Mary, in a story that cannot be told often enough, was
visited by the Archangel Gabriel, sent by the Almighty himself to be told that
she, a wisp of a girl, mortal but blessed, was to become the mother of the Son
of God. There is every reason to believe that as electrifying as the news was,
she received it with both joy and complete serenity. A girl can get excited by
being elected “Queen of May” but to be “Queen of the Universe”
must have been an anticipation not of excitement but the sublimest of joy,
human or otherwise. It follows that both Joachim and Anna, as the grandparents
so to speak, of the Son of God, are also venerated as saints of the Church, so
much so that they are also known as the “Patron Saints of Pious
Education,” principally because of the twelve year course of study of
religion of their daughter Mary. The Christian can make his own choice of his
favourite among the four days of the year which are feast days of the Virgin Mary.
These are the Birth of the Blessed Virgin Mary on September 8, the Presentation
of the Virgin Mary on November 21, the Annunciation of the Virgin Mary on March
25, and the Dormition of the Virgin Mary on August 15. On the calendar of the
Church, all four of these days are of equal importance. The world sees the
Virgin Mary much as Michelangelo did when he carved out his famous Ficta in
which a youthful looking Mary is holding the lifeless body of her crucified
Son. Nowhere is she seen as an old woman, at least not at the age of a woman
who is the mother of a thirty-three year old son. Among the Holy Land’s most
sacred shrines is the one at the base of the Garden of Gethsemane, the site of
the agony of Christ. This shrine is dedicated to the Virgin Mary and her
parents. After a descent down a cement stairway of about fifty steps, the tomb
of Joachim is on the left and on the right of the tomb of his wife Anna. Some
fifty steps below this is the empty tomb of the Virgin Mary since, like the Son
of God, she ascended into heaven. Stories abound about the Virgin Mary but the
truthful one that clings and shall do so forever is that in being the mother of
the Son of God, she is the mother of the world. For this reason November 21 is
one of Christianity’s holiest feast days.
Feast of the Nativity
(Birth) of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ
celebrated
December 25
by Fr George Poulos,
The birth of Jesus
Christ of Nazareth has split history in two so that each calendar is reckoned
before or after His birth. The year in which He was born marks the period known
as Anno Domini, and the years before that as BC. (‘Before Christ’)
Our Lord’s Nativity is
observed on December 25. The early church fathers made the birthdate of our
Lord deliberately to coincide with and offset the pagan celebration of
Saturnalia, that festive pagan day of celebration in which the sun crossed the
imaginary line drawn on the later-day maps as the equator.
To the pagans it
signified a rebirth of the sun, now returning to the north to assert its full
power and bring on the spring season; but to the Christians it marked the
birthday celebration of Jesus Christ, the Son of God who had created not only
the sun, but all the other stars and planets of the universe.
Jesus Christ who on more
than one occasion said simply, “Follow me,” leaving no chart but that
which lies in the true Christian heart and which requires no formula beyond
that which we call “love.”
The Old Testament
abounds in testimony of the coming Messiah, long anticipated by the prophets,
who were aware that the original sin of man who was stained by evil in the
Garden of Eden could only be cleansed by the blood of a Messiah sent by God.
The theological recognition of god as representing universal love also
recognised that God chose to share love with man, and for that purpose was man
and woman created.
A second premise is that
man has it within his grasp to find happiness; and a third, that in doing so he
glorifies God in whose image he was created. That placed man in harmony with
God and nature; but this harmony was shattered by Adam and Eve who, in the
disobedience of God in paradise, lost their membership in the alliance and were
at the mercy of nature, as well as the mercy of God.
Man had fallen from
grace and had no mastery over nature; but God, in his infinite mercy, was not
about to obliterate that which was cast in His own image. Therefore, He saw to
it that with the ascendancy of a sun in winter He gave to the world His only
begotten Son.
The Christian soul has
been spared because on December 25 the Saviour was born, and God so loved the
world He had created that He sacrificed his Son thirty-three short years later
for the redemption of all mankind. The star that shone over Bethlehem on the
eve of the Saviour’s birth to light the way for the Wise Men of the East still
shines as an eternal beacon in the hearts of all those who have Jesus Christ in
their hearts.
Theophany of Christ
our Lord
Celebrated January 6th
When
the Lord Jesus had lived for thirty years from His birth in the flesh, He began
His teaching and saving work He marked this very beginning of the beginning by
His Baptism in the Jordan.
St
Cyril of Jerusalem says:
‘The beginning of the
world — water; the beginning of the Gospel — the Jordan.”
At
the Baptism of the Lord in the water, that mystery was revealed to the world
that was predicted in the Old Testament and fabled in ancient Egypt and India
— the mystery of the Holy Trinity of God.
The
Father revealed Himself to the sense of hearing, the Spirit to the sense of
sight and the Son, further beyond these, to the sense of touch.
The
Father gave His testimony of the Son, the Son was baptised in the waters and
the Holy Spirit, in the form of a dove, hovered over the waters. And when John
the Baptist bore witness of Christ and said:
“Behold the Lamb of
God, which taketh away the sin of the world” (Jn. 1:29),
and
when he immersed the Lord in the Jordan and baptised Him, there were thus
revealed both the mission of Christ in the world and the path of our salvation
.
That
is to say: Christ takes upon Himself the sin of the whole human race. He dies
under it (the immersion) and rises again (the coming up out of the water), and
we must die to the old, sinful man and rise again, cleansed, renewed and
re-born. Here is the Saviour and here is the way of salvation.
The
Feast of the Theophany is also called the ‘Illuminating’, for in the Jordan
there is given to us an illumining, revealing God to us as Trinity,
consubstantial and undivided. That is one thing. And the other is that each of
us baptised in the water is illumined by the Father of lights, through the
merits of the Son and in the power of the Holy Spirit.
The presentation
(meeting) of
Our Lord in the Temple
Commemorated February 2
On
the 2nd of February, our Holy Church celebrates the Feast of the Presentation
of Christ to the Temple. The Church also refers to this Feast as the Synaxis
(or meeting) of our Lord in the temple.
In
accordance with the Mosaic law, 40 days after the birth of a male child the
mother is required to present the child in the tabernacle and offer as a
sacrifice either a lamb or a pair of doves or pigeons for her purification. The
presentation of a first-born son also signified redemption or buying back, for
all first-born creatures (both humans and animals) were considered to belong to
God.
Mary
and Joseph obeyed this precept of the law. They brought Jesus to the Temple
where he was met and blessed by a very old Holy man. On that day in the Temple,
both Simeon and a woman by the name of Anna, by inspiration of the Holy Spirit,
recognised the infant Jesus as the Messiah and Saviour of the world. Simeon had
been promised by God that he would live to witness the coming of the Messiah to
the world. These events are the subject of todays Gospel reading. (Luke
2:22-40)
Imagine
this blessed scene, of an old man – barely able to hold himself upright due to
his advanced years- fully attired in the Traditional clothing of the High
Priest of the Temple, cradling the infant Jesus in his arms. It is the meeting
of the Old Testament Priesthood in the Temple with the New Testament Priesthood
in Christ. And hence the naming of this Feast day as the “Synaxis” or
Meeting of our Lord in the Temple.
The
Church today calls each one of us to make our Soul a Temple of God, where the
Holy Virgin can bring her Divine Child. And each one of us should, like Simeon,
take the Child in our arms and say to the Father:
“My eyes have seen
your salvation, now let your servant depart in peace”.
This
Prayer of Simeon is used every day in the Vespers services of the Orthodox
Church. But this prayer should be more to us than a description of someone who
has been allowed to see and hold the Christ child requesting a peaceful
departure. It should also mean for us, in particular, that having seen and
touched the Saviour, we are released from the hold that sin has on us, and in
peace, we can leave the realm of evil.
The Annunciation of
the Theotokos
Celebrated March 25
Of
all the solemn days in Orthodoxy the day of March 25 is one not only of religious
significance but of political significance as well, allowing the Greek Orthodox
to commemorate God’s message to Mary and the independence of Greece on the same
day.
The
expression, “For God and Country,” has real meaning for the Orthodox
Greek on the 25th day of March, a day on which he can celebrate two events
without diminishing either one for the obvious reason that devotion and
patriotism have the same emotional root — love. If Christianity could be
compressed into a single word, that word would be love. The same holds true for
patriotism.
Uppermost
in the true Greek’s mind on March 25, however, is Mary, chosen from all the
women in the world to be the Mother of Jesus Christ. When the angel Gabriel
brought the momentous message from God this day, the gentle Mary must have felt
a solemn pride, but at the same time a disquieting apprehension at the prospect
of this awesome responsibility. Assured by the Archangel, Mary’s answer was a
simple: “Let it be according to the will of God,” and the rest is
glorious history.
The
world of Mary of two thousand years ago is envisioned as one in which life was
simple and free of the complexities that plague the modern world, but in that
age of self-sufficiency there were problems which would be insurmountable today.
The mother of that day was all things to her family, and it can safely be said
that when the Archangel Gabriel departed, the prospective Mother of God must
have for several moments felt terribly alone, Everyone knows about the nativity
and the mission of Jesus Christ, but the details of the days, months and years
in between are known but to Mary and to God.
The
political importance of March 25 is fully realized only when the suffering of
four centuries is called to mind. In 1458 the Ottoman hordes overran all of
Greece and most of the Balkans and held hostage a people whose culture dated
back more than two thousand years, and who gave more to the world than it could
ever receive in return, and it seems that the world just stood by while the
cradle of democracy and Christianity was being defiled by a scourge that would
have undone a less hardy breed.
Hopelessly
outnumbered, Greece endured nearly four hundred years of brutal oppression, but
the spirit of its people knew not a single moment’s weakness. The fires of
rebellion that the Turks thought they had snuffed out, but which had smouldered
in Hellenic hearts for almost 400 years, were kindled into a conflagration on
25 March 1821, not by a bemedalled general but by a man of the cloth, Bishop
Germanos of Patras, Greece, who chose the day of the Annunciation knowing God
would be on the side of the Greeks.
The
good bishop held the Cross of Jesus Christ aloft on the 25th day of March,
1821, and proclaimed freedom for all Greek Orthodox Christians. It was a motion
seconded by every Greek in the country. In addition to engaging in a war for
independence, the Greeks were actually waging a holy war because it was not
only Greek against Turk but Christian against Muslim, and the subsequent Greek
victory was a triumph of Christianity.
Events commemorated in Holy Week
Lazarus Saturday
The
Saturday before Palm Sunday celebrates the raising of Lazarus at Bethany (John 11: 1-46). This is the first of two days of
Joy and Triumph which the Church keeps as a Festival before the days of
darkness and mourning which are to follow in the week of the Passion. Through
the miracle of the raising of Lazarus, Jesus shows His disciples that though He
too will suffer and die, He is Lord and Victor over death.
Palm Sunday
The
second day of Joy which forms a bridge between Great Lent and Holy Week. On
this day the Church commemorates the Triumphant entry of Christ into Jerusalem.
He enters the city riding a donkey and is greeted by crowds of people waving
palm branches (a symbol of victory). The crowd have gathered to meet the One
who raised their brother Lazarus from the dead. They welcome Jesus with the cry
of:
“Hosanna ! Blessed is He
who comes in the name of the Lord ! The King of Israel!”
On this
day Christ was welcomed as the King of Israel. Today, on Palm Sunday we welcome
Christ, the King of the Future Age.
Holy Monday, Tuesday
and Wednesday
The
over-riding theme of these days are the things of the last times.
Christ, the Bridegroom of the Church (Nymphios Gk) is called
to mind, Who will come again on the last day to Judge the world. With these
services, the Church repeats the message of Great Lent – The End is near at
hand; be watchful; repent while there is still time.
“I see Your Bridal
Chamber adorned, O my Saviour, and I have no wedding garment that I may enter
in, O giver of Light, make radiant the vesture of my soul and save me”.
“Behold the
Bridegroom comes in the middle of the night, and Blessed is the servant whom He
shall find watching; and again unworthy is he whom He will find heedless.
Beware therefore, O my soul, lest you be borne down with sleep, lest you be
given up to death, and lest you be shut out from the Kingdom. Therefore, rouse
yourself and cry:
“Holy, Holy are You, our
God, through the intercessions of the Theotokos save us”.
from the Nymphios Services of Holy Monday,
Tuesday and Wednesday
Each of
the three days has its own particular theme:
On Holy
Monday we commemorate the Patriarch Joseph, whose innocent sufferings
(Genesis ch 37, 39-40) prefigure the Passion of Christ. Also we commemorate the
barren fig tree cursed by our Lord (Matt 21: 18-20) – a symbol of the judgement
that will befall those who show no fruits of repentance; a symbol, more
specifically of the unbelieving Jewish synangogue.
On Holy
Tuesday the Liturgical texts commemorate chiefly the parable of the
Ten Virgins, which forms the general theme of these three days. The services
refer also to the parable of the Talents (Matt 25: 14-30), both of which are
interpreted as parables of the Judgement.
On Holy
Wednesday we commemorate the woman that was a sinner, who anointed
Christs’s feet as He sat in the house of Simon (Matt 26: 6-13, Luke 7: 36-50,
John 12: 1-8) three days before His Passion. A secondary theme is the agreement
made by Judas to betray the Lord to the Jewish authorities. The repentance of
the sinful harlot is contrasted with the tragic fall of the chosen disciple.
The Triodion makes it clear that Judas perished, not simply because he betrayed
his Master, but because, having fallen into the sin of betrayal, he then
refused to believe in the possibility of forgiveness:
“In misery he lost
his life, preferring a noose rather than repentance.”
The
Sacrament of Holy Unction is performed on the evening of Holy Wednesday.
Holy Thursday
On this
day four events are commemorated: the washing of the Disciple’s feet by Jesus
Christ, the institution of the Mystery of the Holy Eucharist at the Last Supper, the agony of
Christ in the Garden of Gethsemane, and the betrayal of Christ by Judas.
At
the Ecumenical Patriarchate in Constantinople, and at the centres of the other
Patriarchates and Autocephalous Churches, the Holy Chrism is blessed during the
Divine Liturgy of this day, to be distributed around the world for use in
the Mystery of Holy Chrismation.
The
meaning of Holy Thursday is well expressed by the following Liturgical Text
used many times on Holy Thursday at as part of the Prayers of preparation
for Holy Communion.
“At Thy mystical
Supper, Son of God,
Today receive me as a communicant:
For I will not speak of the mystery to Thine enemies;
I will not give Thee a kiss as did Judas;
But as the Thief I confess Thee:
Remember me, Lord, when Thou comest in Thy Kingdom”.
Holy and Great Friday
On this
day we commemorate the Passion of Christ: the mockery, the crown of thorns, the
whipping, the nails, the thirst, the vinegar and gall, the cry of desolation,
and all that the Saviour endured on the Cross; and also the confession of the
Good Thief on his right hand. At the same time the Passion is not separated
from the Resurrection; even on this day of our Lord’s greatest self-abasement,
we look forward also to the revelation of His eternal glory:
“We venerate Thy
Passion, O Christ,
Show us also Thy glorious Resurrection”.
The Cross and the Resurrection are aspects of a single, undivided act of salvation.
Great
and Holy Matins, by anticipation, are held on Thursday evening. There is a
series of 12 Gospel readings which begin with Christ’s discourse at the Last
Supper and ends with the account of His burial. In the Greek and Antiochian
Tradition, just prior to the sixth Gospel reading, the Priest carries a large
Cross from the Sanctuary and sets it up in the centre of the Church as a
dramatic representation of the procession of the Crucified One.
During
this procession the Priest chants the following in a monotone and solemn voice:
“Today is hung upon
the Tree, He who suspended the Land in the midst of the waters (Thrice). A
crown of thorns crowns Him, Who is the King of Angels. He is wrapped about with
the purple of mockery, Who wrapped the heavens with clouds. He received
buffetings, Who freed Adam in the Jordan. He was transfixed with nails, Who is
the Son of the Virgin.
“We worship Your
Passion, O Christ (Thrice). Show to us also Your glorious Resurrection”.
The
faithful all proceed to venerate the Cross in a solemn manner.
On the
morning of Holy and Great Friday the Services of the Hours are performed.
Following these, the vespers for Holy and Great Friday are held. This service
commemorates the Apokathelosis (Taking down from the Cross) of
our Lord. Following this the Priest carries the Epitaphios of
Christ (an oblong piece of stiffened cloth on which is painted or embroidered
the figure of the dead Christ laid out for burial) from the Sanctuary in a
procession to the centre of the Church where waits a beautifully decorated
representation of the Sepulchre (Tomb) of our Lord. The
flower-adorned Sepulchre and Epitaphios are then venerated by the faithful in
one of the most moving moments in the Church calendar.
In the
evening service, matins of Holy and Great Saturday by anticipation, the
faithful carry the Epitaphios and Sepulchre around the Church whilst chanting
funeral dirges to the Lord in the Tomb. Yet this is not in fact a funeral
procesion at all. God has died on the Cross and yet He is not dead. He Who
died, the Word of God, is the Life Himself, Holy and Immortal; and our
procession through the night signifies that He is now proceeding through the
darkness of Hades, announcing to Adam, and all the righteous who had fallen
asleep before the coming of the Lord, His coming Resurrection in which they too
will share.
Holy and Great
Saturday
On this
day we commemorate the burial of Christ and His descent into Hades (Hell). On this day God observes a
Sabbath rest in the Tomb. There is a definite note of expectation associated
with this day, beginning from matins on Friday evening. We look forward to the
moment when He will rise again, bringing new life and recreating the world.
The
Joyous Liturgy held on the morning of Holy and Great Saturday is that of St. Basil the Great. It is the first hint by the Church of the Glorious
Resurrection of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ:
” Arise O God, and
Judge the earth; for You shall take all heathen to Your inheritance”.
On the
evening of Holy and Great Saturday, the people gather in the Church. At
midnight in the darkened Church one will witness the most moving moment in the
Orthodox calendar. The Priest exits from the Sanctuary holding a lighted
candle, representing Christ the Light of the world, saying:
“Come
ye and receive light from the unwaning Light; and glorify Christ, Who has risen
from the dead”.
Holy Pascha (Sunday of
the Resurrection)
During
the matins of The Resurrection which follow just after midnight on Holy and
Great Saturday, the Priest leads a procession out of the Church where he reads
the Gospel account of the Resurrection (John 12:1-18). Then the triumphal Paschal
hymn is sung three times by the Priest, chanters and all the faithful:
“Christ has risen
from the dead, by death trampling upon Death, and has bestowed life to those in
the tombs”.
Everyone
then re-enters the Church to sing the Praises to our Lord and Pascha (Passover)
Jesus Christ, and the hymn of St John Damasus:
“It is the day of
Resurrection: Let us be glorious in splendour for the Festival, and let us
embrace one another. Let us speak also, O brethren, to those that hate us, and
in the Resurrection, let us forgive all things, and so let us cry:
Christ has risen from the
dead, by death trampling upon Death, and has bestowed Life to those in the
tombs”.
Then
follows the celebration of the glorious Paschal Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom, which finishes with the Paschal Homily of St John Chrysostomos.
The
Faithful joyously greet each other with “Christ is Risen!”,
to which the reply is “Truly He is Risen!”
And so
on the Holy and Great Sunday of Pascha, we celebrate the life-giving
Resurrection of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ.
The Ascension
by the Late Very Rev
Nicon D Patrinacos
The Acts
of the Apostles records the Ascension of Christ in a very simple narrative.
“He was lifted up before their eyes in a cloud which took Him from their
sight” (1:9). Our Church celebrates this event of Christ’s glorification.
It celebrates all that Christ has done and accomplished for us. The Kontakion
of the Feast summarizes all of Christ’s work:
When You fulfilled the
plan of salvation for us and united all things on earth to those in heaven, O
Christ our God, You ascended in glory, never leaving us but remaining
ever-present. For You proclaimed to those who love You, “I am with you and
no one else has power over you”.
The icon
of the Ascension is an icon of joy. It celebrates the meaning of this event for
the Church and the world. The Ascension took place on the Mount of Olives.
Thus, the mountainous background of the panel, dotted with images of scattered
olive tress. The figure of Christ ascending in glory is surrounded by a
circular nimbus composed of various bands of colour, symbolic of the heavens.
This nimbus itself is supported by angels whose presence is yet another
indication of the glory and divinity of Christ. It recalls the Old Testament
image of God enthroned upon the Cherubim.
In the
foreground of the icon, the image of the Theotokosis seen surrounded by two groups of
Apostles. Of prime importance is her position directly below Christ. This
entire grouping, the Theotokos and the Apostles, stands as an expression of the
establishment and role of the Church. The icon includes not only those who actually
witnessed the Ascension; it also includes the Apostle Paul (who historically
could not have been there) at the head of the group or to the right. What is
intended is that the Church witnesses to this event.
The
Theotokos, she whom carried Christ within her and was therefore the temple of
the Incarnate Son of God, stands here as personification of the Church, the
Body of Christ, whose head is the ascending Saviour. The gesture of her hands,
uplifted in faith and prayer, expresses the role of the Church, ceaselessly
interceding for the salvation of the world. The direction of movement of this
group, their gestures, the focus of their eyes and postures, everything is
directed upwards: towards the Source of Life of the Church, its head Who abides
in heaven. For:
He led them our near
Bethany, and with hands upraised blessed them. As He blessed, He left them, and
was taken up to heaven. They fell down to do Him reverence, then returned to
Jerusalem filled with joy.
There they were to be
found in the temple constantly, speaking the praises of God (Luke 24:50-53).
Troparion
You
ascended in glory, O Christ our God, and delighted the Disciples with the
promise of the Holy Spirit; through this blessing they were assured that You
are the Son of God the Redeemer of the world.
Pentecost – Trinity Sunday
by Fr Thomas Hopko
“When
the Day of Pentecost had fully come, they were all with one accord in one
place.
And suddenly there came a sound from heaven, as of a
rushing mighty wind, and it filled the whole house where they were sitting.
Then there appeared to them divided tongues, as of
fire, and one sat upon each of them.
And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and
began to speak with other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance.
And there were dwelling in Jerusalem Jews, devout men,
from every nation under heaven.
And when this sound occurred, the multitude came
together, and were confused, because everyone heard them speak in his own
language.
Then they were all amazed and marvelled, saying to one
another, Look, are not all these who speak Galileans? And how is it that we
hear, each in our own language in which we were born?
Parthians and Medes and Elamites, those dwelling in
Mesopotamia, Judea and Cappadocia, Pontus and Asia, Phrygia and Pamphylia,
Egypt and the parts of Libya adjoining Cyrene, visitors from Rome, both Jews
and proselytes, Cretans and Arabs &endash; we hear them speaking in our own
tongues the wonderful works of God” (Acts 2:1-11).
Tradition
says that to fulfil the prophecy of Joel (Joel 2: 28-29), the Holy Spirit
descended not only on the twelve chosen Apostles, but also upon all those who
were with them “with one accord in one place” (Acts 2:1), that is, on
the whole Church. This is why in Icons of Pentecost there are represented
Apostles not belonging to the twelve – Apostle Paul (sitting with Apostle Peter
at the head of the circle of Apostles), and among the seventy, Luke the
Evangelist and Mark the Evangelist (Ouspensky and Lossky, The Meaning
of Icons, Rev Ed, SVS, NY, 1982, p208).
And there appeared to
them divided tongues as of fire …
and they were filled
with the Holy Spirit
So that
by gradual increase … and progress from glory to glory, the light of the
Trinity might shine upon the more illuminated … for this reason it was, I
think, that He gradually came to dwell in the disciples. He measured Himself
out to them according to their capacity to receive Him: at the beginning of the
gospel, after the Passion, after the Ascension, making perfect their powers,
being breathed upon them and appearing in fiery tongues … You see lights
breaking upon us, gradually, and knowledge of such order of theology, as is
better for us to maintain, neither proclaiming things too suddenly nor yet
keeping them hidden to the end … He said that all things should be taught us
by the Spirit Himself, made clear at a later time, when, such knowledge would
be seasonable and capable of being received after our Savior’s restoration;
when it would no longer be received with incredulity because of its marvelous
character. For what greater thing than this did either He promise, or the
Spirit teach … If He is not to be worshiped, how can He deify me by
baptism?… And indeed from the Spirit comes our new birth, and from the new
birth our new creation, and from the new creation our deeper knowledge of the
dignity of Him from whom it is derived … Look at these facts: Christ is born;
the Spirit is His forerunner. He leads Him up. He works miracles; the Spirit
accompanies them. He ascends; the Spirit takes His place (St. Gregory the
Theologian, Fifth Theological Oration, 26-29).
The Promise of Pentecost
“On
the last day, that great day of the feast, Jesus stood and cried out, saying,
“If anyone thirsts, let him come to Me and drink.
“He who believes in Me, as the Scripture has
said, out of his heart will flow rivers of living water”.
But this He spoke concerning the Spirit, whom those
believing in Him would receive; for the Holy Spirit was not yet given, because
Jesus was not yet glorified.
Therefore many from the crowd, when they heard this
saying, said, “Truly this is the Prophet”.
Others said, “This is the Christ”, but some
said, “Will the Christ come out of Galilee? Has not the Scripture said
that the Christ comes from the seed of David and from the town of Bethlehem,
where David was?”
So there was a division among the people because of
Him.
Now some of them wanted to take Him, but no one laid hands on Him.
Then the officers came to the chief priests and
Pharisees, who said to them, “Why have you not brought Him?”
The officers answered, “No man ever spoke like
this Man!” Then the Pharisees answered them, “Are you also deceived?
Have any of the rulers or the Pharisees believed in Him? But this crowd that
does not know the law is accursed”.
Nicodemus (he who came to Jesus by night, being one of
them) said to them, “Does our law judge a man before it hears him and
knows what he is doing?”
They answered and said to him, “Are you also
front Galilee? Search and look, for no prophet has arisen out of Galilee”
(John 7:37-52).
Then Jesus spoke to them again, saying, “I am the
light of the world. He who follows Me shall not walk in darkness, but have the
light of life” (John 8:12).
If anyone thirsts, let
him come to me and drink…
Those
who come to the divine preaching and give heed to the faith must manifest the
desire of thirsty people for water, and kindle in themselves a similar longing;
so they will be able, very carefully, to retain what is said … For to show
that we ought ever to thirst and hunger, He said ‘Blessed are they who hunger
and thirst after righteousness’ (Matt.5:6) … Elsewhere He calls it, ‘eternal
life,’ but here, ‘living water.’ He calls that ‘living’ which ever works: for
the grace of the Spirit, when It has entered into the mind and has been
established, springs up more than any fountain, does not fail, never becomes
empty … He has represented its abundance by the expression ‘springing’
…Consider the wisdom of Stephen, the tongue of Peter, the vehemence of Paul:
how nothing bore, nothing withstood them, not the anger of multitudes, not the
risings up of tyrants, not the plots of the devils, not daily deaths, but as
rivers borne along with a great rushing sound, so they went on their way
hurrying all things with them … When He was about to send them (after the
crucifixion) He said, ‘Receive the Holy Spirit’ (John 20:22) … and then they
wrought miracles (St. John Chrysostom, Homily 51 on John 7).
In Praise of Salvation and Creation
“0
God, You are my God; early will I seek You; my soul thirsts for You; my flesh
longs for You in a dry and thirsty land where there is no water. So I have
looked for You in the sanctuary, to see Your power and Your glory. Because your
lovingkindness is better than life, my lips shall praise You. Thus I will bless
You while I live; I will lift up my hands in Your name. My soul shall be
satisfied as with marrow and fatness, and my mouth shall praise You with joyfuI
lips. When I remember You on my bed. I meditate on You in the night watches.
Because You have been my help, therefore in the shadow of Your wings I will
rejoice. My soul follows close behind You; Your tight hand upholds me”
(Psalm 63:1-8).
The Holy
Spirit provides every gift: He inspires prophecy, perfects the priesthood,
grants wisdom to the illiterate, makes simple fishermen to become wise
theologians, and establishes perfect order in the organization of the Church.
Wherefore, 0 Comforter, equal in nature and majesty with the Father and the
Son, glory to You… (from The Bible and Holy Fathers for Orthodox ed. J.
Manley, Monastery Books, Menlo Park, 1990, pp. 136-9).
In the
days of old, pride brought confusion of tongues to the builders of the tower of
Babel, but now the diversity of tongues enlightenend the minds and gave
knowledge for the glory of God. There, God punished infidels for their sin,
while here Christ enlightened fishermen through the Spirit; there the confusion
of tongues was for the sake of vengeance, while here there was variety so that
voices could be joined in unison for the salvation of our souls (Stichera of
Pentecost for Vespers, pp. 891, 894).
Pentecost – The Descent of the Holy Spirit
In the
Old Testament Pentecost was the feast which occurred fifty
days after Passover. As the passover feast celebrated the exodus of the
Israelites from the slavery of Egypt, so Pentecost celebrated God’s gift of the
ten commandments to Moses on Mount Sinai.
In the
new covenant of the Messiah, the passover event takes on its new meaning as the
celebration of Christ’s death and resurrection, the “exodus” of
humanity from this sinful world to the Kingdom of God. And in the New Testament
as well, the pentecostal feast is fulfilled and made new by the coming of the “new
law”, the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the disciples of Christ.
“When the day of
Pentecost had come, they were all together in one place. And suddenly a sound
came from heaven like the rush of a mighty wind, and it filled all the house
where they were sitting. Then there appeared to them tongues as of fire,
distributed as resting upon each one of them. And they were all filled with the
Holy Spirit” (Acts 2:1-4).
The Holy
Spirit, that Christ had promised to his disciples, came on the day of Pentecost
(see John 14:26, 15:26; Luke 24:49; Acts 1:5) The apostles received “the
power from on high”, and they began to preach and bear witness to Jesus as
the risen Christ, the King and the Lord. This moment has traditionally been
called the birthday of the Church.
In the
liturgical services of the feast of Pentecost, the coming of the Holy Spirit is
celebrated together with the full revelation of the divine Trinity: Father and
Son and Holy Spirit. The fulness of the Godhead is manifested with the Spirit’s
coming to humanity, and the Church hymns celebrate this manifestation as the
final act of God’s self-disclosure and self-donation to the world of His
creation. For this reason Pentecost Sunday is also called Trinity
Sunday in the Orthodox tradition. Often on this day the Icon of the
Holy Trinity – particularly that of the three angelic figures who appeared to
Abraham, the forefather of the Christian faith – is placed in the center of the
church. This Icon is used with the traditional pentecostal Icon which
shows the tongues of fire hovering over the Virgin Mary and the Twelve
Apostles, the original prototype of the Church, who are themselves sitting in
unity surrounding a symbolic image of “cosmos” (the world).
On
Pentecost we have the final fulfillment of the mission of Jesus Christ and the
first beginning of the messianic age of the Kingdom of God (mystically present
in this world in the Church of the Messiah). For this reason the 50th day
stands as the beginning of the era which is beyond the limitations of this
world, fifty being, that number which stands for eternal and heavenly
fulfillment in Jewish and Christian mystical piety: seven times seven, plus
one.
Thus,
Pentecost is called an apocalyptic day, which means the day of
final revelation. It is also called an eschatological day,
which means the day of the final and perfect end (in Greek eschaton means the
end). For when the Messiah comes and the Lord’s Day is at hand, the “last
days” are inaugurated in which “God declares: … I will pour out
my Spirit upon all flesh“. This is the ancient prophecy to which the
Apostle Peter refers in the first sermon of the Christian Church which was
preached on the first Sunday of Pentecost (see Acts 2:17, Joel 2:28-32).
Once
again it must be noted that the feast of Pentecost is not simply the
celebration of an event which took place centuries ago. It is the celebration
of what must happen and does happen to us in the Church today. We all have died
and risen with the Messiah-King, andwe all have received His Most Holy Spirit.
We are the “temples of the Holy Spirit”. God’s Spirit dwells in us
(see Romans 8; 1 Corinthians 2-3, 12; 11 Corinthians 3; Galatians 5; Ephesians
2-3). We, by our own membership in the Church, have received “the seal of
the gift of the Holy Spirit” in the sacrament of chrismation. Pentecost
has happened to us.
The Divine
Liturgy of Pentecost recalls our baptism into Christ with the verse
from Galatians again replacing the Thrice-Holy Hymn. Special verses from the
psalms also replace the usual antiphonal psalms of the liturgy. The epistle and
gospel readings tell of the Spirit’s coming to humanity. The kontakion sings
of the reversal of Babel as God unites the nations into the unity of his
Spirit. The troparion proclaims the gathering of the whole
universe into God’s net through the work of the inspired apostles. The hymns ‘O
Heavenly King’ and ‘We have seen the True Light’ are sung for the first time
since Easter, calling the Holy Spirit to “come and abide in us”, and
proclaiming that “we have received the heavenly Spirit”. The church
building is decorated with flowers to show that God’s divine Breath comes to
renew all creation as the “life-creating Spirit”. The word for
Spirit, breath and wind in Hebrew is ruah.
Blessed are You, O Christ
our God, who has revealed the fishermen as most wise by sending down upon them
the Holy Spirit: through them You did draw the world into Your net. O Lover of
Humanity, Glory to You (Troparion).
When the Most High came
down and confused the tongues, He divided the nations. But when He distributed
the tongues of fire, He called all to unity. Therefore, with one voice, we
glorify the All-Holy Spirit! (Kontakion)
The
Great Vespers of Pentecost evening features three long prayers at which the
faithful kneel for the first time since Easter. The Monday after Pentecost is
the feast of the Holy Spirit in the Orthodox Church, and the Sunday after
Pentecost is the feast of All Saints. This is the logical liturgical sequence
since the coming of the Holy Spirit is fulfilled in the faithful by their becoming
saints, and this is the very purpose of the creation and salvation of the
world. “Thus says the Lord: Consecrate yourselves therefore, and be holy,
for I your God am holy” (Leviticus 11:44-45; I Peter 1:15-16).
This
article is translated into French here.
The Transfiguration
(Metamorphoses) of our Saviour
By His Grace Bishop Joseph of Arianzos
From
the 6th to the 15th of August, for eight consecutive days, the Church
celebrates the Transfiguration of our Lord Jesus Christ.
A
little while before His voluntary Immaculate Passion and His death on the
Cross, Christ isolated Himself for prayer on top of a hill (a mountain, as it
is given geographically in Palestine), which is known by the name Tabor. With
Him were present His three exceptionally loved and trustworthy Disciples,
namely Peter, James and John.
If
we are to accept the opinion of Eusebious of Caesaria, which Saint Nikodemus
the Hagiorites also agrees with, as well as other Holy Fathers of the Church,
this event must have taken place forty days before His Passion. However, the
exact number of days, for us, is not of great significance. What is important
is the reality of the event itself.
“And
while He was praying, the appearance of His countenance was altered”
writes the Evangelist Luke “and His raiment became dazzling
white”(Luke 9:29). According to Matthew and stated more explicitly:
“And He was transfigured before them and His face shone like the sun, and
His garments became white as light” (Matthew 17:2). Likewise appeared, in
front of the eyes of the Disciples, Moses and Elijah, who were conversing with
Jesus, they were overshadowed by a bright mist, a luminous cloud. And from this
mist, a voice was heard, which said: “This is my beloved Son, with Whom I
am well pleased! Listen to Him!”
This
event constitutes a triple divine revelation, when the identity of
Jesus is revealed to the Apostles. That is not only the strange change in His
appearance and the inundation of light which emanated from His face, but the
witnessing of the voice of the Father and the presence of the two most holy
people from the “other side”, that is, Moses and Elijah are
confirming without a margin of doubt that Jesus is not just a simple person, or
a wise teacher, a virtuous reformer of some new-wave of life-style, a
charismatic miracle-worker, or even, a Prophet or a Saint, but He is
the Son and the Word of the Living God! True God from True God! light from
light! The true and eternal light, which illuminates and sanctifies “every
person who comes into the world”. It is revealed in a triumphant way that
He who lived with them for a whole three years and asked: “who the people
say that I am?” (Matthew 16:13); the One Who treated them as friends and
brothers, Who in a short while will be driven to the awesome Golgotha, the
(place of a skull), where He will be crucified and die; and the One Who was
buried in a stranger’s tomb, like a common mortal, a foreigner, rejected by the
people, even as one of the departed! He who will appear insignificant and weak,
without “stately or comeliness”. He is the One True God, the
only worthy of worship, Adonijah, the Lord, Elohim, Jehovah – as some
may prefer!… Thus, when they will see Him on the Cross, suffering and dying,
according to His second nature, the human one, this should not cause them to be
scandalised and loose their faith, but to comprehend that His Passion and His
death were voluntary, a further emptying of Himself, an overflow of His love
for Man and his salvation. Furthermore, to preach to the entire world that He,
truly He, the One Crucified, Buried and Resurrected, Jesus Whom they saw and
acquainted themselves with, in His company, heard and felt with their hands, is
the reflection of the glory of the Father which so beautifully the Kontakion
(hymn) of the celebrated day underlines:
“You were transfigured on the mount, and
Your Disciples, so far as they were able, beheld Your glory, O Christ our God;
so that, when they should see You crucified, they should remember that Your
suffering was voluntary, and could declare to all the world that You are truly
the effulgent Splendour of the Father”!
Hence,
the Transfiguration of Christ is a revelation of His divine identity and
certainly within the limits which the Apostles could uphold “so far as
they were able”. It is impossible for someone to see God in all His glory
and grandeur, and to survive!… The dazzle, the surprise, the awe and the
excessive joy – if one is purified, like Peter, James or John and all the
Saints throughout the ages – or the sadness, if he is unclean and unrepented –
like the majority of us, will destroy him. It will yield to him apoplexy!…
This is why the All-Merciful God suitably organises the things and reveals only
a portion of His light, of His magnificence and of His glory, as much as His
Disciples can endure!… Then again, as He reinforces them spiritually, in an
exceptional manner, transforming their inner-self and not allowing them to
remain in their usual state, that of a weak everyday human!…
Furthermore, the
Transfiguration of our Saviour is a revelation of the Mystery of the Holy
Trinity; The Son and Word of the Father is present bodily on Tabor, as the
God-Man Jesus Christ. The Father is heard to be saying: “This is my
beloved Son, with Whom I am we// pleased”. The Holy Spirit appears in a
paradoxical form of a bright mist. A bright cloud is an oxymoron! However, the
Comforter makes His presence perceivable in a “holy-paradoxical” and
most “God-properly” manner, above and beyond every
“logical” or “normally occurring” event!…
This
truth is expressed marvellously in the most theological
“Exaposteilarion” hymn of the Matins of the celebrated day: “O
You Word, untransformable Light, the Light the unborn Father, by Your light
which has shown today on Tabor, we have seen the Father’s light and the
Spirit’s light, lighting the whole creation”.
In
the Byzantine iconography, I mean the Orthodox iconography, the icon of the
Transfiguration of Christ clearly expresses this revelation of the Mystery of
the Holy Trinity. Christ appears on Tabor in two successive bright figures,
“glories” – as they are called. An oval or circle, which symbolises
the bright mist, and another shape in a form of a rhombus or something like an
isosceles triangle with rays emanating from its base, depicting symbolically
the voice of the Father. Therefore, the holy icon of the Transfiguration is for
us, the Orthodox, simultaneously an icon of the Most-Holy Trinity!
The
Transfiguration of our Saviour reveals something more! It reveals what
is to become of us, the faithful, provided of course we love Him sincerely
and keep all His commandments and proceed in accordance with His divine wishes,
and labour with honour His orders of deliverance, enforcing His Bible
unadulterated, and living the life of the Church in purity, and correct worship
in communion with all the Saints, equally with those of the
“Triumphant”, and those in the “Militant” Church, who
constitute the non-deceived teachers and leaders of those wishing salvation.
The
divine alteration that occurred to the three Disciples on Tabor during the time
of the Transfiguration of the lord will happen to us too and we will be worthy
to become “God-viewers”, like them and all the Saints of the ages.
The light which they received from the strange and the not-created light of His
Godliness not only to their human eyes but throughout their whole body and
soul, as far as the depths of their existence, which made them lighted and
“God-similars”, we will also receive!
That
unspeakable joy which was foretasted, and made the always enthusiastic Peter to
say: “Lord, it is good for us to be here; if You wish, we will make three
booths here, one for You and one for Moses and one for Elijah.” (Matthew
17:4). let us stay here, he wanted to say, forever on Tabor, never to descend
to the daily routine of contemporary reality and the earthly afflictions!…
This God-given joy, the only true and inalienable joy, will also come to us…
The eternal beatitude which Moses and Elijah enjoyed and erected to the right
and left of the God-Man, will be granted to us too…We will become
“communicants of the Divine Nature” (2 Peter 1:4) and partakers of
the eternal life… Saints from the sole Saint!… Righteous from the only
Righteous One and lights from the only true Light!… Small gods, by the Grace
of God, and not because of our worthiness!… Gods with a lowercase initial ‘g‘,
from the Only God, the Great, the only One worthy to be written with a capital
initial ‘G‘!… The beginningless Father, the equally beginningless Son
and the co-eternal All-Holy Spirit!
The
certification and credibility of that field are our Saints, the ones to whom
this already has occurred. They have already achieved Theosis (Deification) and
shine as luminaries into the spiritual firmament of the Church, radiating the
light of the knowledge of God and the true Theology. Our Saints with the
miracles they perform are partakers of the Divine Grace and communicants of
God, and through their holy relics, which are full of the Divine Grace and
allow us to keep them as a priceless treasure and venerate them feeling their
inexpressible fragrance which they give forth!… We see how these holy relics
cure the ill and cast away the unclean spirits which are visible samples of
unification with God, thus giving a truthful witnesses that “those who
have excelled and peaked in virtues – like themselves – will obviously be
worthy of the Godly glory”…!
Dormition (Keemeesis)
of the Theotokos
Celebrated August 15
The
dominions and the thrones, the rulers, the principalities and the powers, the
cherubim and the fearful seraphim glorify thy Dominion (Vespers Sticheron, Tone
1).
The
sacred Feast of the Dormition of the Theotokos marks her repose, which was
followed by the translation of her sacred body three days later into heaven.
This feast, therefore, marks her soul being commended into her Son’s hands and
the short sojourn of her body in the tomb. Unlike the Resurrection of Christ,
the mysterious character of her death, burial, resurrection and ascension were
not the subject of apostolic teachings, yet they were recorded by the tradition
of the Holy Orthodox Church and writings of the Church Fathers.
The
Dormition of the Theotokos took place while Apostle Thomas was preaching the
gospel in India. The other Apostles had been caught up from various lands on
the clouds of heaven, and were transported to Gethsemane, to the bier of the
all-blessed Virgin. This was permitted by the will of God, so the faithful
might be assured that the Mother of God was bodily assumed into heaven. For
just as they were more greatly assured of the Resurrection of Christ, through
the disbelief of Thomas, so did they learned of the bodily assumption into
heaven of the all-pure Virgin Mary through the delay of Thomas.
On
the third day after the burial St. Thomas was suddenly caught up in a cloud in
India and transported to a place in the air above the tomb of the Virgin. From
that vantage point, he beheld the translation of her body into the heavens, and
cried out to her, “Whither goest thou, O all-holy one?” She removed
her girdle and gave it to him saying, “Receive this, my friend.” And
then she was gone.
He
then descended to find the other disciples keeping watch over the sepulchre of
the Theotokos. He sat down beside them, with the girdle in his hand, greatly
saddened that he had not been there when she reposed, as had been the other
Apostles. Hence, he said, “We are all disciples of the Master; we all
preach the same thing; we are all servants of the one Lord, Jesus Christ. How,
then, is it that ye were counted worthy to behold the repose of His Mother, and
I was not? Am I not an Apostle? Can it be that God is not pleased with my
preaching? I beseech you, my fellow disciples: open the tomb, that I also may
look upon her remains, and embrace them, and bid her farewell!”
The
Apostles took pity on St. Thomas and opened the tomb. All were aghast when they
found it empty, not realizing that moments before she had been bodily
transported to paradise to be the mediatress of Christians. All that remained
were her burial clothes, which emitted a wonderful unearthly fragrance.
The
Feast’s kontakion speaks of her as an unfailing hope and mediation, reminding
us of her intercessory role in paradise. Neither the tomb nor death had power
over the Theotokos, who is ever watchful in her prayers and in whose
intercessions lies unfailing hope. For as the Mother of Life she has been
translated unto life by Him Who dwelt in her ever-virgin womb.